Names of the main branches of Biology

The main branches of Biology is given below -

v  Aerobiology – the study of airborne organic particles

v  Agriculture – the study of producing crops and raising livestock, with an emphasis on practical applications

v  Anatomy – the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans

o   Histology – the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy

v  Astrobiology (also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy) – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe

v  Biochemistry – the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level

v  Bioengineering – the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology

v  Biogeography – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally

v  Bioinformatics – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data

v  Biomathematics (or Mathematical biology) – the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling

v  Biomechanics – often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use through prosthetics ororthotics

v  Biomedical research – the study of health and disease

o   Pharmacology – the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines

v  Biomusicology – the study of music from a biological point of view.

v  Biophysics – the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences

v  Biotechnology – the study of the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology

o   Synthetic biology – research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature

v  Building biology – the study of the indoor living environment

v  Botany – the study of plants

v  Cell biology – the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell

v  Cognitive biology – the study of cognition as a biological function

v  Conservation biology – the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife

v  Cryobiology – the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings

v  Developmental biology – the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure

o   Embryology – the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth)

v  Ecology – the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment

v  Environmental biology – the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity

v  Epidemiology – a major component of public health research, studying factors affecting the health of populations

v  Evolutionary biology – the study of the origin and descent of species over time

v  Genetics – the study of genes and heredity.

o   Epigenetics – the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence

v  Hematology (also known as Haematology) – the study of blood and blood-forming organs.

v  Integrative biology – the study of whole organisms

v  Limnology – the study of inland waters

v  Marine biology (or Biological oceanography) – the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings

v  Microbiology – the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things including:

o   Parasitology – the study of parasites and parasitism

o   Virology – the study of viruses and some other virus-like agents

v  Molecular biology – the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry

v  Mycology – the study of fungi

v  Neurobiology – the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology and pathology

v  Population biology – the study of groups of conspecific organisms, including:

o   Population ecology – the study of how population dynamics and extinction

o   Population genetics – the study of changes in gene frequencies in populations of organisms

v  Paleontology – the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life

v  Pathobiology or pathology – the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease

v  Physiology – the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms

v  Phytopathology – the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)

v  Psychobiology – the study of the biological bases ofpsychology

v  Sociobiology – the study of the biological bases ofsociology

v  Structural biology – a branch of molecular biology,biochemistry, and biophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules

v  Zoology – the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior, including:

o   Ethology – the study of animal behavior

o   Entomology – the study of insects

o   Herpetology – the study of reptiles and amphibians

o   Ichthyology – the study of fish

o   Mammalogy – the study of mammals

o   Ornithology – the study of birds